Fever in Adults: When to Worry and How to Treat It

A fever can be unsettling, especially when it strikes unexpectedly. While most conditions are harmless and part of the body’s natural response to fighting off infection, some may signal a more serious issue requiring medical attention. But how do you know when to worry and when to simply rest it out?

This guide will help you understand the causes and symptoms of conditions, how to treat them effectively at home, and when it’s time to seek medical care. We’ll also touch on key differences between conditions and COVID-19 symptoms and provide insights into managing conditions in children.

What Is a Fever?

A fever is a temporary increase in body temperature, typically above the normal range of 98.6°F (37°C). While individual body temperature can vary slightly, the conditions generally begin when your temperature reaches or exceeds 100.4°F (38°C). The condition is not illnesses themselves but rather a sign that your body is fighting off an infection or inflammation.

Dr. Jane Smith, an internal medicine specialist, explains, “The condition is a natural immune response, but persistent high fevers should always be evaluated by a healthcare provider.”

What Causes a Fever in Adults?

Fever is most commonly caused by infections in the body, but it can also stem from other underlying issues. Here are some of the common causes:

• Viral infections: Fevers can result from viruses like the flu, common cold, and COVID-19.
• Bacterial infections: Conditions such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), strep throat, and pneumonia often cause a rise in body temperature.
• Heat exhaustion: Overheating from strenuous physical activity or high temperatures.
• Medications: Certain drugs, like antibiotics or blood pressure medications, can trigger fever as a side effect.
• Autoimmune conditions: Disorders like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis may cause recurring fevers as part of an inflammatory response.

Key Symptoms of a Fever

Alongside a spike in body temperature, the condition often causes additional symptoms, such as:

• Chills or shivering
• Fatigue or general weakness
• Body aches and muscle pain
• Sweating and flushing
• Headache
• Appetite loss
• Irritability or mood changes

Understanding the associated symptoms can help you assess whether the condition is part of a common illness like the flu or something more serious.

Fever vs COVID-19: How to Tell the Difference

With overlapping symptoms like fever, body aches, and fatigue, differentiating between a typical fever and COVID-19 can be challenging. Dr. Emily White, an infectious disease expert, advises, “It’s crucial to differentiate between flu-like symptoms and those of COVID-19, especially during peak seasons for both illnesses. When in doubt, get tested.”

Common overlapping symptoms:

• Temperature above 100.4°F
• Fatigue
• Chills and sweating

Distinctive COVID-19 symptoms:

• Persistent cough
• Loss of taste or smell
• Shortness of breath

If you’re unsure or have COVID-19-specific symptoms, seek testing immediately.

Red Flags to Watch For

While most temperatures are manageable at home, there are certain signs that should never be ignored. Seek medical attention immediately if any of the following occur:

• A high temperature above 103°F (39.4°C) that doesn’t respond to medication
• Difficulty breathing or chest pain
• A severe headache or stiff neck
• Confusion, dizziness, or extreme lethargy
• Seizures or loss of consciousness

Dr. Mark Lee adds, “High fevers accompanied by these red flags require urgent evaluation. Don’t wait too long to act.”

How to Treat a Fever at Home

For most mild fevers, rest and self-care are usually sufficient to bring your temperature down. Here’s how to tackle a temperature effectively at home:

• Stay hydrated: Dehydration from sweating can worsen symptoms. Drink water, electrolyte drinks, or clear broths. Dr. Lee emphasizes, “Hydration is key when you have a temperature. Drink plenty of fluids to help your body cool down and function properly.”
• Get enough rest: Allow your body to conserve energy for fighting off infection. Sleep or nap frequently.
• Use over-the-counter medications:
  • Acetaminophen (like Tylenol): Relieves pain and reduces temperature. Follow dosage guidelines on the label.
  • Ibuprofen (like Advil or Motrin): A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) effective for reducing temperature and inflammation.
• Cool down your body:
  • Wear lightweight clothing.
  • Use a cool, damp cloth on your forehead or take a lukewarm shower. Avoid cold baths, as they may cause shivering and raise your temperature further.

When to Go to the ER for a Fever

Though rare, some situations warrant immediate ER visits:

• A persistent temperature over 105°F (40.5°C)
• Symptoms of respiratory distress (e.g., breathing difficulties, chest pain).
• A temperature that lasts more than three days without improvement.
• Accompanying symptoms like seizures or purple skin rashes, which could indicate sepsis or meningitis.

Special Considerations for Fever in Babies and Children

Temperature in infants and young children should be treated with extra caution. For babies under 3 months old, any temperature over 100.4°F warrants an immediate call to the pediatrician. For older children, monitor their behavior and hydration levels closely.

If your child’s fever is accompanied by difficulty waking, persistent vomiting, or a rash, seek medical help promptly.

Fever Medications and Precautions

While acetaminophen and ibuprofen are effective options for treating temperatures, there are precautions to keep in mind:

• Always follow dosage instructions on the label or as directed by your doctor.
• Do not combine acetaminophen and ibuprofen without medical advice.
• Avoid aspirin for children or teenagers, as it can cause a rare but serious condition called Reye’s syndrome.
• If the fever persists despite medication, consult a healthcare provider.

Key Takeaways for Managing Fever in Adults

Temperature may be uncomfortable, but it’s often a sign that your body is doing its job to fight infection. Here are the main points to remember:

• Keep track of your temperature and symptoms.
• Hydrate, rest, and take over-the-counter medications for mild temperatures.
• Be vigilant for red flags like high spikes in temperature, difficulty breathing, or confusion, and seek medical care when necessary.
• Always consult a healthcare professional when in doubt, especially for fevers in infants or persistent cases.

Your health matters, so don’t hesitate to act when your body signals a problem.